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The chemical composition of solid biofuels (as defined in [1] and [2]) has manifold effects on their thermal utilisation. C, H and O are the main components of solid biofuels and are of special relevance for the gross calorific value, H in addition also for the net calorific value. The fuel N content is responsible for NO x formation. NO x emissions belong to the main environmental impact factors of solid biofuel combustion. Cl and S are responsible for deposit formation and corrosion and are более » . erefore relevant for a high plant availability. Furthermore, Cl causes HCl as well as PCDD/F and S SO x emissions and both elements are involved in the formation of aerosols (submicron particle emissions). The ash content influences the choice of the appropriate combustion technology and influences deposit formation, fly ash emissions and the logistics concerning ash storage and ash utilisation/disposal. Major ash forming elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti ) are of relevance for the ash melting behaviour, deposit formation and corrosion. In addition, volatile elements such as Na and K are main constituents of aerosols. Volatile minor elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn) play a major role in gaseous and especially aerosol emissions as well as in deposit formation, corrosion and ash utilisation/disposal. Either partly or non-volatile minor elements (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Mn, V) are of special relevance for ash utilisation. The present paper discusses the influence of chemical fuel properties on biomass combustion plants as well as possibilities and recommendations for controlling them.
I OBERNBERGER, T BRUNNER, G BARNTHALER. "Chemical properties of solid biofuels—significance and impact." Biomass & Bioenergy 30.11 (2006) 973-982
